^{11 Ref} Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.

^{12 Ref} But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread out. They were grieved because of the children of Israel.

^{13 Ref} The Egyptians ruthlessly made the children of Israel serve,

^{14 Ref} and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.