^{1 Ref} Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called `to be' an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,

^{2 Ref} which he promised afore through his prophets in the holy scriptures,

^{3 Ref} concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,

^{4 Ref} who was declared `to be' the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead; `even' Jesus Christ our Lord,

^{5 Ref} through whom we received grace and apostleship, unto obedience of faith among all the nations, for his name's sake;

^{6 Ref} among whom are ye also called `to be' Jesus Christ's:

^{7 Ref} To all that are in Rome, beloved of God, called `to be' saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

^{8 Ref} First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world.

^{9 Ref} For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the gospel of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you, always in my prayers

^{10 Ref} making request, if by any means now at length I may be prospered by the will of God to come unto you.

^{11 Ref} For I long to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual gift, to the end ye may be established;

^{12 Ref} that is, that I with you may be comforted in you, each of us by the other's faith, both yours and mine.

^{13 Ref} And I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you (and was hindered hitherto), that I might have some fruit in you also, even as in the rest of the Gentiles.

^{14 Ref} I am debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

^{15 Ref} So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you also that are in Rome.

^{16 Ref} For I am not ashamed of the gospel: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.

^{17 Ref} For therein is revealed a righteousness of God from faith unto faith: as it is written, But the righteous shall live by faith.

^{18 Ref} For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hinder the truth in unrighteousness;

^{19 Ref} because that which is known of God is manifest in them; for God manifested it unto them.

^{20 Ref} For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, `even' his everlasting power and divinity; that they may be without excuse:

^{21 Ref} because that, knowing God, they glorified him not as God, neither gave thanks; but became vain in their reasonings, and their senseless heart was darkened.

^{22 Ref} Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

^{23 Ref} and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things.

^{24 Ref} Wherefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts unto uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves:

^{25 Ref} for that they exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.

^{26 Ref} For this cause God gave them up unto vile passions: for their women changed the natural use into that which is against nature:

^{27 Ref} and likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another, men with men working unseemliness, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was due.

^{28 Ref} And even as they refused to have God in `their' knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

^{29 Ref} being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers,

^{30 Ref} backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

^{31 Ref} without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection, unmerciful:

^{32 Ref} who, knowing the ordinance of God, that they that practise such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also consent with them that practise them.

^{1 Ref} Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, having been separated to the good news of God --

^{2 Ref} which He announced before through His prophets in holy writings --

^{3 Ref} concerning His Son, (who is come of the seed of David according to the flesh,

^{4 Ref} who is marked out Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of sanctification, by the rising again from the dead,) Jesus Christ our Lord;

^{5 Ref} through whom we did receive grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, in behalf of his name;

^{6 Ref} among whom are also ye, the called of Jesus Christ;

^{7 Ref} to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called saints; Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father, and `from' the Lord Jesus Christ!

^{8 Ref} first, indeed, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed in the whole world;

^{9 Ref} for God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the good news of His Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you,

^{10 Ref} always in my prayers beseeching, if by any means now at length I shall have a prosperous journey, by the will of God, to come unto you,

^{11 Ref} for I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, that ye may be established;

^{12 Ref} and that is, that I may be comforted together among you, through the faith in one another, both yours and mine.

^{13 Ref} And I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, that many times I did purpose to come unto you -- and was hindered till the present time -- that some fruit I might have also among you, even as also among the other nations.

^{14 Ref} Both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to wise and to thoughtless, I am a debtor,

^{15 Ref} so, as much as in me is, I am ready also to you who `are' in Rome to proclaim good news,

^{16 Ref} for I am not ashamed of the good news of the Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation to every one who is believing, both to Jew first, and to Greek.

^{17 Ref} For the righteousness of God in it is revealed from faith to faith, according as it hath been written, `And the righteous one by faith shall live,'

^{18 Ref} for revealed is the wrath of God from heaven upon all impiety and unrighteousness of men, holding down the truth in unrighteousness.

^{19 Ref} Because that which is known of God is manifest among them, for God did manifest `it' to them,

^{20 Ref} for the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world, by the things made being understood, are plainly seen, both His eternal power and Godhead -- to their being inexcusable;

^{21 Ref} because, having known God they did not glorify `Him' as God, nor gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their unintelligent heart was darkened,

^{22 Ref} professing to be wise, they were made fools,

^{23 Ref} and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of fowls, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles.

^{24 Ref} Wherefore also God did give them up, in the desires of their hearts, to uncleanness, to dishonour their bodies among themselves;

^{25 Ref} who did change the truth of God into a falsehood, and did honour and serve the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed to the ages. Amen.

^{26 Ref} Because of this did God give them up to dishonourable affections, for even their females did change the natural use into that against nature;

^{27 Ref} and in like manner also the males having left the natural use of the female, did burn in their longing toward one another; males with males working shame, and the recompense of their error that was fit, in themselves receiving.

^{28 Ref} And, according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly;

^{29 Ref} having been filled with all unrighteousness, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers,

^{30 Ref} evil-speakers, God-haters, insulting, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

^{31 Ref} unintelligent, faithless, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful;

^{32 Ref} who the righteous judgment of God having known -- that those practising such things are worthy of death -- not only do them, but also have delight with those practising them.